The Many Faces Of Social Darwinism - 1496 Words

Kimberly Hollman HIS356K March 3, 2016 The Many Faces of Social Darwinism Hollman 1 of 5 The second half of the 19th century was a time of great flux in the United States. The impact of the Civil War perturbed all spheres of American domestic life, leaving its citizens in a state of anxiety regarding their beliefs, government, and even their fellow man. These changes happened concurrently with advances in the sciences: on the eve of the Civil War, Charles Darwin published his influential On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Darwin’s theory of evolution via natural selection was met with widespread acclaim and recognition, but was thereafter reappropriated to explain the dynamic and sometimes struggling socioeconomic condition of the United States. Endless interpretations of Social Darwinism crept into the collective consciousness as a philosophy backed by scientific evidence, affecting all spheres of life. Darwinism, and the progressive movement pushback, forced Amer ica to define and defend its beliefs regarding interpersonal dynamics on all levels, resulting in most Americans adopting a ‘pick and choose’ mentality towards the philosophy. Social theorist Herbert Spencer, a contemporary to Darwin, was one of the most vocal proponents of Social Darwinism. Coining the term â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†, he proposed that there existed a natural order to society, where the strong- be it on anShow MoreRelated â€Å"White Man’s Burden† Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesEuro-centrism and social Darwinism. Four centuries before 1899, such ideas were briefly hinted in the letter from Christopher Columbus to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, however by 1899 these attitudes strengthened and developed fully into their complete meaning. The U.S and Europe’s imperialism in the nineteenth century were the most influential ever in the history of human civilization. The immense motive for imperialism came from social factors including religion and Social Darwinism. MissionariesRead MoreSocial Darwinism Is An Ideology Of Society1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Darwinism is an ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of the laws of evolution by natural selection of evolutionary theory to sociology and politics, often with the assumption that conflict between groups in society leads to social progress as superior groups outcompete inferior ones. How we got to the point of coining the modern term of â€Å"Social Darwinism† we would have to turn to the famous man himself, Charles Darwin. At first glance, Charles Darwin seems an unlikelyRead MoreThe Theory Of Progressive Evolution1726 Words   |  7 Pagesin particular earlier Christian apologetics focusing on the complexity of nature as evidence for God such as that of William Paley s analogy of the supposedly irreducible complexity of nature. Micheal Shermer similarly outlined the emphasis Neo-Darwinism placed on constant reiteration of the importance of Darwin s â€Å"idea†, defined as a singular, revolutionary entity within the history of science that was first exclusively formed in 1837 and confirmed by others8 in the progressive vein of Thomas SRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1538 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice and Men explores many different and complex theories, all while telling a simple story of two men and one dream. George is practical, cautious, and small, but sharp and socially able. His companion is one of very different statures: looming and strong, possibly too much fo r his own good, and has the ability to kill but possesses the mind of a child, and blessed but cursed with a mental illness that detaches him from society. The pair on the run from one job to the next haveRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs1306 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the nineteenth century, spanning to the present day, US history has witnessed a plethora of changes both socially as well as racially. These racial and social changes were the results of moral panics centered around marijuana as well as eugenics. One of the primary focuses of America s War on Drugs has always been the controversial drug Marijuana. In the early twentieth century, Henry Anslinger became the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics where he remained betweenRead More Penicillin Essay524 Words   |  3 Pagesof fungi. His crude extracts could be diluted 1,000 times and still be effective in killing bacteria. After years of working on penicillin and going nowhere, many of his co-workers grew tired of hearing about it. The first real test for penicillin came when a 48-year-old police officer nicked himself shaving. After a time, Alexanders face became infected and he developed a temperature. When he was rushed to the hospital, the doctors believed that he had only hours to live. Then Dr Fleming and hisRead MoreEssay On British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 Pagesshackles of racism remained. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinism became a popular ideology used to justi fy imperialism. Built upon Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, Social Darwinists applied natural selection to the human race, arguing human society was a struggle for existence where only the fittest would survive. Used as racial and class justification, Social Darwinism became the foundation of Britain s new imperialism. Colonization was no longer justifiedRead MorePaper 2 - the Rise of Fundamentalism1726 Words   |  7 Pages---------------------------------------------------2 THE RISE OF FUNDAMENTALISM -------------------------------------------------------------------- THE CHRISTIAN REACTION TO DARWINISM AND OTHER SCIENTIFIC THEORIES— THE RISE OF HIGHER CRITICISM OF THE BIBLE-------------------------------------------------- THE SOCIAL GOSPEL--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FUNDAMENTALS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Read MoreMacbeth Character Analysis999 Words   |  4 Pagessmiling, Showd like a rebels whore† (Shakespeare 1.2. 16-20). The captain refers to Macbeth escaping his death, but implies that fate will seize him in the end. The concept of fate being inescapable is presented in Macbeth just as it is presented in many naturalist texts. One naturalist who captures this concept comprehensively is Frank Norris. In Norris’ tragic novel McTeague, those who defy fate are met with chaos and destruction while those who accept their fate can avoid fate’s wrath. From theRead MoreStructural Or Institutional Racism Is Formed By The Social, Economic, Political Or Educational Forces Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesracism is formed by the social, economic, political or educational forces that foster discriminatory outcomes or give preference to members of one group over the other deriving its genesis from the concept of race. The biological fact for the race has been invalidated by biologists, but the social aspect of it is formed by the community. The physical traits still possess the meanings of social race identity. It is these social race identities that deliberate placement in the social hierarchy, which dictates

Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Essay - 4137 Words

Mediocrity of Teacher Recruitment Some teachers are better than others. This is a simple and, I hope, obvious fact. But the culture of American schools is not friendly to it. Particularly in our hiring of public school teachers, we tend to avoid notions of serious discernment, of picking the very best in our society to become our teachers, and we accept that the most talented of our young people will gravitate to other fields. Overcoming this acceptance of mediocrity in teacher recruitment and retention represents the greatest opportunity to bring a quantum improvement to our schools. To focus on the elite among new teaching recruits as a matter of method is, in fact, the radically democratic way to give our societys most valuable†¦show more content†¦The money in school budgets is the key to launching or limiting their careers. In a budget cutback, the probationary teachers are the ones whose ranks are trimmed, because they are generally not fully covered by unions, and are therefore easier to let go. So long as we do not screen new teachers based on excellence—not based on mere competence, not based on basic skill levels, but based on demonstration that each individual is better at teaching than most who try—we will never be able to create and reinforce the kind of elite professional culture among our teachers that they deserve, and, more importantly, that our students deserve. Consider the college student planning to become a teacher. And consider not just any student, but the kind of student we most want to be teaching our children—someone who is bright, warm, disciplined, and interested in the ideas of other people, someone curious about the world, and capable of doing difficult things well. At the age of 21 or so, he is finishing college, heading toward a degree in English, biology, history, or another subject. Most likely, he is not taking a degree in education (the students with the strongest academic backgrounds generally dont). In his senior year, he is probably working as a student-teacher for at least part of the year, going off in the mornings to a school where theShow MoreRelatedHow to Improve Education Sector in India2117 Words   |  9 Pagesand low-pressure jobs. Once a teacher told me in high school â€Å"Well, if you guys don’t study it is entirely your loss – I will get my salary at the end of the month anyway.† He could not put across the lack of incentive for being good at teaching any better. Thousands of terrible teachers all over India are wasting valuable time of young children every day all over India. Education for all Education for all It is high time to encourage a breed of superstar teachers. The internet has created thisRead MoreTraditional Instructional Methods Have Continued For Generations Essay3185 Words   |  13 Pagesleaves them as less engaged. Author of â€Å"How Teacher Education Matters† Linda Darling Hammond wrote about the positive effects training and development on teaching has on the teachers who under go them in contrast to those teachers who had a small amount or even no training. Furthermore, teaching training and development reforms that intensively wove expansive experimental training with assignments regarding how to learn and how to teach produces teachers that have a higher probability of remainingRead MoreProblems of Education in Nigeria and Prospect3739 Words   |  15 Pages(projectors, Computers, Laboratories and libraries), paucity of quality teachers and poor / polluted learning environment. In addition to these inadequacies, our school system is plagued with numerous social vices such as examination malpractices, cultism, hooliganism and corruption. For meaningful development to take place in the educational sector; the government need to re-address the issue of funding. Private educational in vestors, teachers! Parents/guidance and students/pupils need a reorientation towardsRead MoreCoffee Breaks and Power Naps Will Improve Student Performance3217 Words   |  13 PagesAcademy, as a premiere military institution in the Southeast Asia, bears the task of producing quality military officers and efficient leaders for the Philippine government. As such, the recruitment of cadets for the academy is no simple endeavour. Cadet applicants are screened and subjected to several recruitment requirements to determine their suitability for the academy. More often they are referred to as the â€Å"cream of the crop.† 2. Once accepted inside the academy, the cadets undergoRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pageson the activities that desperately need my attention? Do these obstacles sound familiar? The fact is, regardless of experience, most leadership efforts are doomed from the start. Managers lose talented salespeople and maintain an atmosphere of mediocrity not because of a lack of effort but because they lack a coaching system they are comfortable with and can trust to leverage the talents of their salespeople in order to generate consistent, worthwhile results. ANNIHILATING THE ALBATROSS OF LEADERSHIPRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesat doing your core job tasks is a reflection of your level of task performance. If we think about the job of a factory worker, task performance could be measured by the number and quality of products produced in an hour. The task performance of a teacher would be the level of education that students obtain. The task performance of a consultant might be measured by the timeliness and quality of the presentations they offer to the client firm. All these types of performance relate to the core dutiesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory challenges understandings of the relationships 125 This writer goes on to suggest that most great advances are made by individuals and that trying to keep everybody happy results in conformity, in failure to build individuals. This leads to mediocrity. So, the anonymous author concludes, ‘Let’s treat people like people, but let’s not make a big production of it’ (p. 160). The case study presented below focuses on some of the advantages and disadvantages of the development of a feeling of ‘belonging’

Despite The Issues That Have Surrounded Women In The...

Despite the issues that have surrounded women in the workplace since they first entered during the 40s, 50s, and 60s, there have been some evolution to the way women are seen and treated in the workplace. While women were expected to leave the workforce after their aid during World War II, feminist movements have pushed for the re-entrance of women in the workforce during the 1960s; there has been a lot of progression for the equality of women, although, this is not entirely consistent with every job, career, or internship. Either gender has been sexually harassed and prejudiced by the people who have power over them, or the workers they call friends. These issues that have appeared has caused a lot of fear, anger, and anguish. That is why†¦show more content†¦Sexual harassment can be characterized by unwanted sexual advances, or verbal conduct of a sexual nature which is not reciprocated. In Australia, they have implemented what is called a â€Å"Sex Discrimination Actâ₠¬  which states that â€Å"an employer is responsible for the actions an employee has committed during their employment unless the person took all the reasonable steps to ensure the act had not been committed† (Judd). Which means that unless the employer integrates training for sexual harassment and conduct, which includes how to identify sexual harassment, and how to deal with it, including the training of what sexual harassment is, and what to do when you encounter, it can possibly eliminate most of the fear that women have towards getting a career to support themselves. While many training programs have proven to aid in the amount of cases of sexual harassment there was a study conducted at the University of Georgia that studied how men react towards sexual harassment training, and it has been shown that â€Å"female policy trainers activate implicit gender stereotypes, but explicit gender egalitarian beliefs† (Tinkler). Which states that sexual harassment training has shown to improve the way that men treat women in concern to sexual harassment, but it does not change the belief men have about women in the workplace. While this may not be a huge change in the belief that women are the inferior race, it is a step towardsShow MoreRelatedThe Women s Movement Our History Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesMore modern women no longer subscribe to the idea that they should only aspire to be housewives. This movement, which began in the 1940s, is hailed as the rebirth of feminism. Women entered the workforce to replace their husbands who had been sent off to fight in World War II. As a result, their work in factories and shipyards challenged the gender norms of that time period, and thus paved the way for future generations to come (â€Å"The Women’s Movement—Our History,† 2005). Today, in lieu of Rosie theRead More`` Eat Like A Man, Man : The Advertisement For Their New Texas Double Whopper Burger1473 Words   |  6 Pagescreat ed with a gender binary perspective, adequately reinforcing gender roles within society. These gender roles play a significant factor in a person s everyday life, as the media aids in solidifying heteronormativity to be the standard today. Humans have a very gender binary perspective on how the world operates and this mentality is very often limiting to some individuals. People continue to categorize actions, behaviours, and mannerisms by certain genders, which are simply just â€Å"socially createdRead MoreCultural Interview : Cultural Informant Interview1477 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Informant Interview My cultural informant was a friend who I have known for about six and a half years, Lisa. Lisa’s sister, Liya, and I became close friends during my freshman year of college. Liya, two other girls, and I became roommates from sophomore year through senior year. Lisa is a year younger than me, so I met her during my sophomore year. Liya and Lisa were international students from Ethiopia, so they often spent holidays and breaks with my family and I. The three of us becameRead MoreSustainable Development1650 Words   |  7 Pagesthe dangers of irresponsible behaviour which may lead to contracting diseases such as HIV/AIDS. The production of the book, The Other Presence, and its translation into local languages, are thus aimed at reducing the silence which has surrounded topics that have long been considered by traditional, religious and community leaders as being too sensitive to discuss. 1 The book is an interesting mixture of theological reflection and re al life experiences. It is informative, challenging,Read MorePresident Of A Multinational Company2119 Words   |  9 Pagesone by the equality of his actions and the integrity of his intent.† — Douglas MacArthur One continuous message that came across throughout the Kukin lecture series is that leaders in the business world come in all shapes and sizes. Most of us have an image of what a typical successful businessperson looks like; however, this image was certainly altered after hearing from the various speakers we had the privilege to learn from in our Contemporary Problems in Business class. Many of the speakersRead MoreFeminism, By Debra Baker Beck Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages and economic rights for women - equal to those of men† (Dictionary.com). It is no secret that the true definition of a â€Å"feminist† has been tossed around and distorted throughout the years. There are several existing views on who feminists are today. Some think that feminists have devolved since the days of the women’s suffrage movements and that they are now simply â€Å"men-haters† that want to attain higher social and economic statuses than men. Others believe that women are still supporting and fightingRead MoreThe Movie Wolf Of Wall Street 1494 Words   |  6 Pagesare characterized and displayed profoundly throughout the movie Wolf of Wall Street. Based on a true story about the life of Jordan Belfort (Leonardo DiCaprio), the movie is narrated and gives insight to the struggle, power, and addictions that surrounded Belfort’s life. Belfort was a stockbroker who learned his way as an entry-level worker on Wall Street before creating his own company Stratton Oakmont. Belfort quickly learned that success on Wall Street was a result of doing any means necessaryRead MoreLatin Americ The United States Essay2417 Words   |  10 Pagesbehind the U.S. However, government power and initiatives have also disproved this. While the U.S. has never had a female president or even vice president, four Latin American countries have female leaders: Brazil’s Dilma Roussef, Costa Rica’s Laura Chinchilla, Argentina’s Cristina Fernà ¡ndez d e Kirchner and Chile’s Michelle Bachelet. (Weiss, L., 2014). Another stereotype is that immigrants are taking money away from the United States. Despite the speculation about the financial cost of immigrants,Read MoreDiscrimination And Its Impact On Society1971 Words   |  8 Pagestowards the overall lifestyle of the world, including different areas such as in education and in workplaces. Looking closer into the different kinds of segregation seen in today’s society, I noticed that inequality holds the faà §ade of being benign, considering the way it is currently being held, however it is indeed a contemplating issue. As multiple academic journals, books, and inspirational talks have shown me, discrimination should be seen beyond the simple statistics and facts. In the beginningRead MoreIs Solidarity for Only White Women?1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe phrase â€Å"solidarity is for white women† emphasizes the limited amount of women in color who participates in academic debates related to female issues. However, this is ironic since solidarity means agreement among individuals with common interest. The phrase species white women even though minorities are the people excluded from the debate agreements. Allan G. Johnson would certainty say that the white women have the privilege in mainstream media. â€Å"What it does mean is that I’m also getting something

Essay about F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Any American is taught a dream that is purged of all truth. The American Dream is shown to the world as a belief that anyone can do anything; when in reality, life is filled with impossible boundaries. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald gives us a glimpse into the life of the upper class during the roaring twenties through the eyes of a moralistic young man named Nick Carraway. It is through the narrators dealings with the upper class that the reader is shown how modern values have transformed the American Dreams pure ideals into a scheme for materialistic power, and how the world of the upper class lacks any sense of morals or consequence. In order to support Fitzgeralds message†¦show more content†¦The content of the schedule and what it was written on shows two more of the qualities that are part of being an American hero: hard-working ambition and a thirst for adventure. Fitzgerald places much emphasis on the longing Jay Gatsby, who symbolizes one of the main characteristics of the American dream: everlasting hope. Gatsbys desire to win Daisys love is his version of the old American dream: an incredible goal and a constant search for the opportunity to reach this goal. This is shown when Gatsby is first introduced into the novel. It is late at night and we find him with his hands in his pocketsÂ… out to determine what share was his of our local heavens. While Nick continues to watch Gatsbys movements he says: he [Gatsby] stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (21-22). The green light that Gatsby reaches out for symbolizes his longing; his longing for Daisy, for money, for acceptance and no matter how much he has, he never feels complete. This green light is part of the American Dream. It symbolizes our constant searching for a way to reach that goal just of in the distance, as Nick described it, Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by yearShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the tragic story of two star-crossed lovers. Fitzgerald uses the Roaring Twenties as the setting of this novel. The twenties were a time of promiscuity, new money, and a significant amount of illegal alcohol. Fitzgerald was a master of his craft and there was often more to the story than just the basic plot. He could intertwine political messages and a gripping story flawlessly. In the case of The Great Gatsby, he not only chronicles a love story, butRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby885 Words   |  3 Pagesmany people throughout history. Although the dream has its own distinct aspects througho ut different time periods, it predominantly focuses on the foundations of wealth, success and a desire for something greater. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s fiction novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby, the protagonist, is primarily known for the numerous lavish parties he throws each weekend at his ostentatious mansion in West Egg in an attempt to reunite with Daisy Buchanan, a woman he falls in love with prior to enteringRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s Portrayal of the Twenties F. Scott Fitzgerald was accurate in his portrayal of the aristocratic flamboyancy and indifference of the 1920s. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores many aspects of indifference and flamboyancy. A large influence on this society was the pursuit of the American Dream. Gangsters played a heavily influential role in the new money aristocracy of the 1920s. The indifference was mainly due to the advent of Prohibition in 1920. One majorRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. â€Å"In the years immediately after the completion of The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald was unable to provide his art with any such endorsement† (Collins). Fitzgerald was unable to get his book published because of insufficient funds. According to Harris, â€Å"F Scott Fitzgerald wrote his greatest novel in France in 1924, having exiled himself in order to get some work done† (Harris). The best novel Fitzgerald has written he wrote when he was in France. AccordingRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby â€Å"So The Great Gatsby house at West Egg glittered with all the lights of the twenties, there were was always Gatsby’s supplicating hand, reaching out to make glamour with what he had lost be cruel chance...of how little Gatsby wanted at bottom-not to understand society, but to ape it†(21-22). The Great Gatsby by F.Read MoreA Review of F Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby851 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald created a modern masterpiece in his work The Great Gatsby, despite the novels earl ill reception. The work is a complex piece which tries to make sense of a strange concept of modernity within a classical sense of history. In the work, Fitzgerald illustrates the importance of allusion in the creation of character building, but also as a way for Fitzgerald to stray away from previous literary techniques and create motifs and themes that were entirely his ownRead MoreEssay on F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby968 Words   |  4 Pages The 1920s was a time of excess and growth. Economically, it was a time for great financial gain. Largely because of improvements in technology, productivity increased while overall production costs decreased, and the economy grew. Not only was this time filled with prosperity, but corruption as well. People who had previously worked day and night finally acquired leisure time. Some of the most wealthy people made the choice to fill this free time with gluttony and lust. Many authorsRead More F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The greatness of an individual can be defined in terms far beyond tangible accomplishments. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsbys greatness comes from his need to experience success and his will to achieve his dreams. Nick Carraway narrates the story, and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, is Gatsbys love. Daisy, however, is married to Tom Buchanan, a wealthy, arrogant womanizer who despises Gatsby. Gatsby feels theRead More F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pages Wealth, Love, and the American Dream nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It has been said that F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is about the pursuit of the American dream. It has also been said that the novel is about love, ambition, and obsession. Perhaps both are true. Combined, these themes may be understood in their most basic forms among the relationships within the novel. After all, each character’s reason for belonging to a relationship speaks very strongly of what really makes him tick;Read MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pages In the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, many of the characters live in an illusory world and only some can see past this. In the novel, West Egg and its residents represent the newly rich, while East Egg represents the old aristocracy. Gatsby seeking the past, Daisy is obsessed with material things, Myrtle wanting Tom to escape her poverty, George believing that T.J. Eckleburg is God, and Tom believing he is untouchable because of his power and wealth are all examples of the illusion

Crude oil and its value to society Free Essays

string(53) " liquids that form at various heights in the column\." Although crude oil may look like earths natural pollution, behind that thick black exterior lies one of the most important raw materials on earth. Crude oil is formed when dying plants and animals become immediately covered by sediments in seas and swamps. This prevents them from decaying and as further sediments build up the plant and animals become buried deeper and deeper. We will write a custom essay sample on Crude oil and its value to society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now this takes place over millions of years and immense pressure and heat (120oc) build up and eventually these organisms turn to oil. Now this raw material is given the name as a fossil fuel because of the fact that it is the fossils remains that are turning into the oil. It can be said that when we are burning the fossil fuel we are in fact using the sun’s energy which has been stored as chemical energy in the fossils for millions of years. The relative high carbon content is due to small microscopic plankton organisms. Coke and Pepsi iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/coke-and-pepsi-learn-to-compete-in-india/embed/#?secret=I44pkD4FeO" data-secret="I44pkD4FeO" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Coke and Pepsi#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe On average, crude oils are made of the following elements or compounds: * Carbon – 84% * Hydrogen – 14% * Sulfur – 1 to 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, elemental sulfur) * Nitrogen – less than 1% (basic compounds with amine groups) * Oxygen – less than 1% (found in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids) * Metals – less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic) * Salts – less than 1% (sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons which are basically molecules which contain hydrogen and carbon. The hydrocarbons may vary in length and structure, from straight to branching chains and rings. Now hydrocarbons are the reason why crude oil is so important because it can do two things. 1. Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy which can be used by man to do numerous tasks e.g. electricity generation, transport, heat etc 2. Hydrocarbons can take many different forms. The smallest formation of hydrocarbons is methane which is a gas that is lighter than air. Longer chains with 5 or more carbons are liquids whilst very long formations may be solid like wax. This is the reason why hydrocarbons are so important is because it is so versatile. By chemically cross linking hydrocarbon chains you can produce almost anything from synthetic rubber to Kerosene. In fact 70% of Britain’s organic chemicals are produced due to the hydrocarbons present in crude oil. The major classes of hydrocarbons in crude oils include: * Paraffins * general formula: CnH2n+2 (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * straight- or branched-chain molecules * can be gasses or liquids at room temperature depending upon the molecule * examples: methane, ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, hexane * Aromatics * general formula: C6H5 – Y (Y is a longer, straight molecule that connects to the benzene ring) * ringed structures with one or more rings * rings contain six carbon atoms, with alternating double and single bonds between the carbons * typically liquids * examples: benzene * Napthenes or Cycloalkanes * general formula: CnH2n (n is a whole number usually from 1 to 20) * ringed structures with one or more rings * rings contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms * typically liquids at room temperature * examples: cyclohexane, methyl cyclopentane * Other hydrocarbons * Alkenes * general formula: CnH2n (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * linear or branched chain molecules containing one carbon-carbon double-bond * can be liquid or gas * examples: ethylene, butene, isobutene * Dienes and Alkynes * general formula: CnH2n-2 (n is a whole number, usually from 1 to 20) * linear or branched chain molecules containing two carbon-carbon double-bonds * can be liquid or gas * examples: acetylene, butadienes However, before we get products such as synthetic rubber the crude oil must be extracted from its reserves and then processed. Today the leading producers of crude oil include, Texas, California, Alaska, Iran, Kuwait, the middle-east etc. As you can see oil can be found all over the world and therefore different extraction methods are put into progress. Before an oil-rig/well is dug, scientific methods are put into place to determine where to find the oil. Gravimeters and magnetometers and seismographs are used to identify the subsurface rock formations which could hold crude oil. Drilling for the crude oil can be extremely difficult due to these conditions and is often a risky process e.g. some wells must be dug 7 miles deep before some oil stores are found. Today much of the oil extraction is located off shore on platforms standing on the ocean bed. In order for the oil to come up to the oil rig it has to be pumped up by using water, gas or air to force it out. Once the oil has been collected it is often transported by tanker or pipeline to the refinery. Crude oil in its raw form is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons where the hydrocarbons are of varied mass, have differing boiling temperatures and differing lengths. Now as I have mentioned previously these hydrocarbons can be very useful but before we can use them they must be made into smaller more useful hydrocarbons. This state can be achieved through a process called fractional distillation. The technique for this process uses the differing boiling temperatures of the molecules in the crude oil so that all differing molecules can be separated. The long chained hydrocarbons are broken down into narrower fractions where the boiling point amongst that fraction does not vary immensely. This process takes place in a specially designed fractional distillation column. Process 1. Crude oil is vaporized by passing through pipes in a furnace where the oil is heated to 600 degrees Celsius. 2. The oil will then boil forming vapor (gas) 3. The oil is then fed into the distillation chamber towards the bottom. 4. The distillation chamber may be 100m high and consist of vertically stacking rows of steel trays. The trays have many holes (bubble caps) in them to allow the vapor and the liquids to pass through them. The trays will help to collect the liquids that form at various heights in the column. You read "Crude oil and its value to society" in category "Papers" The liquids will flow down the tray over a wier. 5. The reason why the oil is separated into narrower fractions can be explained by looking at the temperature gradient in the column. At the bottom of the tank it is extremely hot due to the freshly fed oil vapor and at the top it is cool. As the vapor passes through the tray it will come into contact with a slightly cooler liquid. This causes some of the hydrogen molecules to condense in that tray causing more violate hydrocarbons in the liquid to evaporate. This process will take place at each tray and in each tray a unique narrow range of hydrocarbons with similar properties will form. After approx 45 condensations and evaporations have taken place the crude oil has been separated into fractions. 6. The collected liquid fractions may either pass to condensers, which cool them further, and then go to storage tanks. Or go to other areas for further chemical processing. The more volatile hydrocarbons with the low boiling point form at the top of the tank and the least volatile hydrocarbons with high boiling point at the bottom. Once operating the column may be kept in an equilibrium state by maintaining the input of the crude oil at a flow rate which balances the total of the flow rate at which the fractions are removed. When a steady state exists the compositions of the liquid and vapor at any one tray do not vary. This enables the fractions at each tray to be drawn individually when required. Each tray will contain a narrow range of fractions with a narrow range of boiling points. The fractional distillation column will separate the crude oil into the following fractions: Refinery gasses, gasoline and naphtha, Kerosene, gas (diesel), oil and residue. Refinery gasses – Consist of simple alkanes containing up to four carbon atoms. They are used as fuels or as a source for building other molecules. Gasoline – Contains Alkanes with 5 – 10 carbons in the chain and is used in petrol. Naphtha – Most important source of chemicals for the chemical process industry. Kerosene – is used for jet fuel and domestic heating. Gas oil – is used as diesel fuel and as a feedstock for catalyst cracking. Residue – used as a source of lubricating oils and wax and bitumen. Bitumen – when mixed with crushed stone is the tarmac compound used for road surfaces. Although the crude oil has been separated into useful fraction, some of the separated ‘trays’ can be further processed to form products that are even more useful. Cracking – To obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes Heating the oil fractions with a catalyst. Under these conditions it can brake-down high molecular mass alkanes into low molecular mass alkanes as well as alkenes. The cracking is a random process by which both C-H and C-C bonds can be broken. Therefore it is possible for by products to be produced like: Hydrogen and branched chain alkane isomers. For example Decane can be broken into: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 (Decane) H | à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H3C- C-CH3CH2CH3 (But-1-ene) | CH3 (2-methylpentane) Decane is broken into these two isomers because there is a larger requirement for small chain isomers than larger ones. After the cracking the hot vaporized oil fraction and the catalyst behave as a fluid. This is called the fluidized bed. Some of the hydrocarbon fraction can be broke down into carbon which can block the pores of the catalyst. We can recycle the catalyst by pumping it into the regeneration chamber where the carbon coke is burnt off in air at high temperatures. Isomerisation Is the process which we use to obtain branched alkanes. The process involves heating the straight chain alkanes with platinum catalyst to form Branched chain alkanes: CH3 | CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ H3C-C-CH2CH3 | CH3 (Hexane) (2,2-dimethylbutane) However these newly formed branched chain alkanes have to be separated from the straight chain alkanes and this is done by a molecular sieve. The sieve is a type of zeolite that has pores through which the straight chain alkanes can pass through but the branched chain alkanes cannot due to there bulky shape and thus they are separated off. The straight chain alkanes may then be recycled to the reactor. Reforming This involves the conversion of alkanes to cycloalkanes or cycloalkanes to arenes using a bimetallic catalyst. For example a cluster of platinum and rhenium atoms is very effective in removing hydrogen atoms from methylcyclohexane to form methylbenzene. (Methylcyclohexane) (Methylbenzene) A catalyst containing Clusters of iridium atoms and platinum enables conversions of straight chain alkanes to arenes: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 + 4H2 (Hexane) The metal clusters have to be between 1 and 5nm thick and are deposited on an inert support such as aluminum oxide. The Rhenium and the iridium help prevent the build up of carbon deposits which reduce the activity of the catalyst. Why are Alkanes fuels? The reason for this is because of their reaction with oxygen. Alkane (fuel) + Oxygen (or other oxidizer) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Oxidation products + Energy transfer This basically means that a fuel must react with oxygen to release large amounts of energy and Oxidation products that aren’t extremely harmful to mankind. Although different chains of alkanes can produce different energy amounts and byproducts and are used for different purposes, they all comply with this equation. Below I will list the ideal characteristics which all fuels must have. * A fuel must react with an oxidizer to release large amounts of energy. * A Fuel must be oxidized fairly easily, ignite quickly and sustain burning without further intervention. * A fuel should be readily available, in large quantities and at a reasonable price. * A fuel should not burn to give products that are difficult to dispose of, or are unpleasant and harmful. * A fuel should be convenient to store and transport safely without loss. So obviously different fuels are used in different environments. In Industry For example larger fuels that produce a lot of energy that may give off lots of harmful gasses can be used. This is because in industry it will have the relevant equipment to extract the dangerous fumes and dispose of them safely. In homes however where there won’t be the relevant equipment to handle toxic fuels, more environmental friendly fuels can be used like gas. And for transport we have to consider the transporting of fuel issue so petrol which is a liquid can be used rather than more environmental friendly hydrogen as there is a possibility of leakage as it is a gas. However the world is subject to change so in 10 years time other fuels maybe used in place of these. Problems with these fuels There are various problems with these fuels. One of the major ones is that we as a nation rely on them too much (Coal, oil and gas). As they are fossil fuels they are in effect none renewable resources. At our rate of consumption it is predicted that these resource will be depleted within 100 years. Also the fossil fuels are the raw materials which supply the feed stock for our chemical industry. They can be processed to produce useful products such as; Polymers, medicines, solvents, adhesives etc. So how long can we afford to burn our chemical feedstock? There is also the issue of carbon dioxide emissions of these fuels. This is the major contributor to the greenhouse effect which causes the temperature of our environment to increase dramatically. Due to this, precautions are being made to reduce these emissions. Britain has been set a target to reduce its emissions by 35%. This could be achieved by the outright ban of coal and oil but nations are reluctant to do this as they have become so reliant on these resources. There is also the possibility of a spillage which can pollute rivers and streams and the environment. This can cause death to animals and plant life and there is also the enormous cost of cleaning it up after the disaster. If the carbon based fuel does not completely combust in the furnaces, carbon monoxide is produced and this can cause death by interfering with the blood stream. 2C + O2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2CO (impartial oxidation to give carbon monoxide) Also sulphur and nitrogen dioxide can be produced which contribute to harmful acid rain. Development of renewable resources As our reserves of fossil fuels are limited we must find alternative sources of energy. In the search for the alternatives, chemists and other scientists are now working to develop renewable resources such as: Biofuels This is when plants are grown to be used directly as fuels e.g. wood, animal waste and plant waste to produce alcohol and using waste products to produce biogas. Advantages – Renewable, help to reduce waste, used with simple technology. Disadvantages – Not large enough supply to replace fossil fuels at present rate of use. Nuclear Fuels Chain reaction involving the nuclei of isotopes of uranium 235 splitting to produce vast amounts of energy. Advantages – No carbon, nitrogen or sulphur as polluting byproducts. Disadvantages – Radioactive waste products are difficult to store and treat; which is a very expensive process Moving air: wind Energy of moving air is transferred into the motion of windmills and wind turbines Advantages – Renewable pollution and waste free; can be used in locality where energy is needed Disadvantages – Expensive, not reliable, noisy and ugly to the environment Hydroelectricity Water stored behind dams and waterfalls can be released and generate electricity by turning a generator. Advantages – Renewable, predictable, waste free and can be used on large scale. Disadvantages – Expensive to install, environmental impact of dams etc. Solar panels Panels of solar heat collectors, used to heat water in parts of world were sun is plentiful. Advantages – Renewable, no pollution Disadvantages – Require a lot of sunshine, Expensive initial cost, Very large scale to be suitable. Hydrogen Hydrogen is extracted quite cheaply from water by electrolysis and is used as a fuel. Advantages – No pollution as water is the only waste product. Disadvantages – Too dangerous and explosive, difficult to store and to use for transport or in domestic situations. Bibliography I would like to thank the following books, websites and teachers which I have used information from: Mrs. Chapman (teacher) www.Howstuffworks.com (website) Microsoft Encarta 2002 (CD ROM) Cambridge chemistry 1 by Brian Ratcliff (Book) Chemists in context Second edition by GC Hill and JS Holman (Book) Please note that I have used the information in no particular order however the information taken exactly from the resources has been written in italic. Matthew Stothers Chemistry How to cite Crude oil and its value to society, Papers

Information Technology Ethics for Methodology-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInformation Technology Ethics for Development Methodology. Answer: Introduction The paper focuses on implementing "Doing Ethics Techniques (DET)" for evaluating the ethical problems seen in Video 2 (Development Methodology) (Franck, 2017). In this paper proper evaluation is made to analyse the ethical issues related to ICT and implications will be accessed of the ethical problems. Also, in the last phase solutions that are ethical will be provided so that issues can be addressed and also ethical theories will be applied. Doing Ethics Technique Analysis What is going on? It is seen that a junior developer got a call from the customer. Customer requests to make some changes in the software. He told the client that the organization will make changes and give them the software before the given time. The junior developer confirms the request that the changes will be made without taking permission from the project manager. What are the facts? A junior developer of the organization receives a call from the customer related to change in the software. He failed to consult with the project manager regarding the changes and he confirms the changes requested by the client without the permission of project manager. This resulted in overridden of position hierarchy. What are the issues? The junior developer overrides the hierarchy by taking call of the customer directly. The junior developer gives confirmation to the customer that the organization will make changes to the software without taking advice from the project manager. The changes are made in the service contract by the junior developer who overrides the authority of the organization. Who is affected? Junior developer By receiving the call of the customer, the junior developer overrides the hierarchy which impacts the job position given to him in the organization. He also does not consider his responsibility and gave confirmation to the customer that the organization will make changes to the software and will deliver it within the deadline. The Customer The customer will be not satisfied and might face serious financial issues if the organization does not deliver the software with the changes within the given deadline. Project Manager A project manager has the responsibility to deal with the customers and give assurance of delivering software based on the request made by the customer. The changes that are confirmed by the junior developer can give an outcome in enhancing the issues for the project manager since he has to ensure that software is developed within the budget and it is delivered within the specified deadline. The Company If the confirmation made by the junior developer is not fulfilled by the given deadline then they might lose their contract in future and impact will also be seen on the image. The customer will be not satisfied and will impact the future contracts of the organization. What are the ethical issues and implications? In order to ensure ethical activities in the organization, it is important that employees follow a code of conduct and hierarchical authority can be maintained (Peters, 2015). The deontological ethics theory helps to judge the actions that are based on rules (Trevino Nelson, 2016). By taking into consideration this theory, it is seen that actions that actions of the junior developer were not correct (Zarim Zaki, 2016). The junior developer has given confirmation to the customers about the changes to the software without taking an advice from the project manager. He failed to fulfil his duties by overriding the hierarchy of position. The decision taken by the manager is ethically not correct. What can be done about it? There are various ways in which the project manager can manage the situation. It is important for him to realize the mistake so that this type of mistake cannot be done in future. He can identify the new changes that are required to be considered within time and resources given to the company or he should call a client and clarify the mistake done. In order to implement the changes, it is important that project manager take advice from project director. What options are there? A project manager should make some rules so that calls can be transferred to him and he can talk to the customer regarding the changes to ensure that they can complete the work without extending the deadline and budget. If project manager shouts on the developer then it can demotivate him towards the work and it can create a problem for the organization. A project manager should try to motivate the developer so that activities can be conducted smoothly. Which option is best and why? It is seen that best option is that project manager should make a request to the junior developer to make sure that this type of mistake does not take place in future. It will make him realize the organizational hierarchy and will limit the negative consequences that can take place in future. The changes should also be discussed with the project manager so that mistakes can take place in future (Al-Saggaf, 2016). Conclusion It is concluded that the action taken by the junior developer is not ethical. So to address this issue it is important that junior developer should realize the hierarchy so that mistake can be realized by the junior developer. Also, feedback should be given by the project manager to the junior developer so that this type of mistakes does not take place in future. References Al-Saggaf, Y. (2016, October 31).Scenario 2: Development Methodology.[Video File]. Retrieved fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0npm9cEJBWY Franck, O. (2017). Varieties of conceptions of ethical competence and the search for strategies for assessment in ethics education: A critical analysis. InAssessment in Ethics Education(pp. 13-50). Springer, Cham. Peters, R. S. (2015).Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Zarim, Z. A., Zaki, H. O. (2016). Ethics and Integrity in Building Employees Perceptions. Management,4(3), 131-137.

Presidential Powers1 Essay Example For Students

Presidential Powers1 Essay The President as Chief of State In every government there is a ceremonial head of the government who is the symbol of all the people in the nation. As Howard Taft put it, The personal embodiment and representative of their dignity and majesty(McClenaghan, pg. 316). That person is the Chief of State or more commonly known as the President. One of the main factors that cause the presidents to be viewed as a symbol of the American community is the presidents ceremonial duties which are named in the Constitution. The Constitution states several ceremonial duties that the presidents are obliged to perform. They are required to take an oath of office, periodically inform Congress of the State of Union, negotiate with foreign powers, and receive Ambassadors and other Public Ministers. These Constitutional ceremonial duties supported the assumption of the Chief of State role by George Washington and his successors because they made the president appear as the leader of the entire nation(The Presidents A-Z, Pg. 68). Castro 2 Both, the Oath of Office ceremony, the Inauguration, and the State of Union address physically place the President out in front of other government officials. Also, the Presidents duty to receive Ambassadors shows that foreign governments view and regard the president as the official representative of the United States, and since the rest of the world sees our president as being the Chief of State, then the domestic responsibilities of the Chief of State could not be assumed more gracefully than anyone but the President (The Presidents A-Z, pg. 69). In the 18th century, when the Framers designed the U.S. presidents job, monarchy was the style of government throughout most of the world. But, since they wanted to avoid any suggestion of a monarchy, the Framers of the constitution made the Chief of State the Chief Executive as well. They called this person the President. But, like monarchs, the U.S. Presidents are the living symbol of the nation. They symbolize the countrys history, liberty and strength. The President can appoint ceremonial representatives, but while they are still in office they cannot escape their role as Chief of State. At every moment they represent the United States at home and overseas. Castro 3 When the President, or shall I say the Chief of state, is not occupied with functions that pertain to government he would attend and participate in such as lighting the national Christmas tree, deliver a patriotic address during the Fourth of July, lay a wreath on the graves of soldiers that died for their country (such as the Tomb of the Unknowns) on Memorial day, lead us special holidays (such as Thanksgiving, bless fund raising drives, and on numerous occasions in the past he would throw the first ball to open the baseball season in the Spring. Many of these functions mean something and are significant especially when the President is involved. But consequently, the duties of the Chief of State are seldom describ ed as a power and are sometimes denounced as a waste of the Presidents time. (The Presidency, Pg. 69) Although the Presidents right to dedicate a monument or congratulate an astronaut may mean little, The symbolism that the action portrays clearly enhances presidential authority, legitimizes and maximizes other presidential powers, and secures his position as Chief of State. (The Presidency, Pg. 69) As political scientist Clinton Castro 4 Rossiter explained No president can fail to realize that all his powers are invigorated, indeed are given a new dimension of authority, because he is the symbol of our sovereignty, continuity, and grandeur. The presidency is therefore elevated above other offices and institutions not just by its legal authority, but also by its symbolic and historic mystique. (The Presidency, Pg.69) The position of the President as the Chief of State is defined by the Constitutional provisions which are the source of some of the most important power the President can use. The parts covered by these provisions are classified as Military, Judicial, and Diplomatic. Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, provides for the power as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the Militia of the several states, when called into actual Service of the United States. (U.S. Constitution) The position of the Commander in Chief makes the President the highest Military officer in the United States, with control over the entire Military establishment. Although, that does not mean that he is always doing something involving Military or Naval actions every minute. He leaves the smaller jobs up to the generals Castro 5 of the Army or the Admirals of the Navy. The preference for civilian control of the Military is so strong in the United States, however, that no president would dare put on a Military uniform for a state function, not even a former general like Eisenhower. (Lowi Ginsberg, Pg. 127) The President is also the head of th e secret intelligence hierarchy, which includes not only the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) but also the National Security Council (NSC), the National Security Agency (NSA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and a lot of other less well known but very powerful international and domestic security agencies. Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, also provides the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States except in cases of impeachment. (U.S. Constitution) The presidential power to grant pardons, reprieves and amnesties involves the presidential power over the life and death of all individuals who may be a threat to themselves or to the national security of the United States. Presidents can use their power on part of certain individuals. An example would be when President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon in 1974 for all Castro 6 offenses against the United States which he has committed or may have committed. (Lowi ; Ginsberg, Pg. 127 ) Or presidents may use their power on the many. An example is when President Andrew Johnson in 1868, gave full Amnesty to all the people from the South who participated in the Late Rebellion, and President Carter in 1977 gave amnesty to all the Draft Evaders of the Vietnam War. Another example is when President Bush used his power before his retirement in 1992, when he pardoned the former Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger, and five other participants in the Iran-Contra affair. This power of life and death over individuals has brought up the power of the president to that of rulers and kings of ancient societies in a way that the President is the person who violators, of the law, turn to so that they can make their pleas for mercy. The third and final provision is stated in Article II, Section 3, provides the power to receive Ambassadors and other public ministers. (U.S. Constitution) When President George Washington Received Edmund Genet as the formal emissary of the revoluti onary government of France in 1793, he transformed the power to receive Ambassadors and other public ministers into the power to Castro 7 recognize other countries. (Lowi ; Ginsberg, Pg.127) That power gives the President almost all authority to review the claims of any new ruling groups to determine of they indeed control the territory and population of their country, so that they can make treaties and other agreements. In todays society we understand that the President is not only the President but he is also the representative, the Ambassador, and the symbol of the American people. Today we still see the President as the Commander in chief of the Military. The President pretty much still calls the shots when it comes to Military actions and events. Although we hardly think of the President we talk about the Military or the Navy, he still plays a Major part in the chain of command. An example is with the bombing in the Middle East. The president is the one who gave the O.K. to the Military to fire, and they did. When it comes to the Judicial part of the government, the President still has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, and amnesties. Lately we have not seen the President grant any of those, but we have seen him follow Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution, which denies him the power to grant pardons, reprieves, and amnesties in Castro 8 cases of impeachment. (U.S. Constitution, we see this in effect in the case of the Bill Clinton Monica Lewinsky affair, in which the President is being charged with perjury and just cannot pardon himself. The third and most often seen provision is the President as a diplomat. We see this when the President hosts foreign leaders or when he travels to other countries. An example would be when he left to the Middle East to have peace talks with other foreign leaders. All in all, in todays society , the president is us. He derives his power from us, the American people, and he represents us in his daily endeavors and important activities. Although not everyone may agree with that, but still no one can deny that the President has been a long lasting symbol of America and the American people for over 200 years. Todays newspaper articles about the president and the powers that they posses are pretty self-explanatory as to what provisions in the Constitution they are referring to The articles about the President ordering the bombing, explains the Military role of the President as stated in the U.S. Constitution. Castro 9 The articles discussing the Presidents perjury charges (i.e. Monica Lewinsky case) refers to the Judicial Provision in the U.S. Constitution. Article II, Section 2, states that the President cannot grant pardons reprieves, and amnesties in cases of impeachment. Third, the articles that discuss peace treaties and peace talks refer to the diplomatic provision of the Constitution. Article II, Section3, talks about receiving Ambassadors and other public ministers. And the articles that discusses the President attending a space shuttle launch illustrates how he is involved in function that are not government related. Meaning that he supports his countrys endeavors although he does not have to Bibliography: .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .postImageUrl , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:hover , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:visited , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:active { border:0!important; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:active , .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7 .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u514420a1e2a1647f0c753a38a6d787b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Biggers: The Impact and Significance of Symbolization in African American Art Essay